These crops have the potential to increase soil organic matter and fertility, reduce erosion, improve soil structure, promote water infiltration, and limit pest and disease outbreaks. We stress that respecting at least three stringency criteria will help to ensure the scientific quality of data interpretation of comparative studies: similar soil fertility status at start, comparable type of crop production, and quantification of off-farm organic and nutrient input. Cover crops can be broadly defined as any non-cash crop grown in addition to the primary cash crop. Conditions for equitable evaluations are outlined in order to avoid biased design, inappropriate interpretations and flawed conclusions. Contrast may be achieved using color, shades of gray, size, visual weight, and so forth. Contrast helps to highlight and focus attention.

The four graphic design principles are contrast, repetition, alignment, and proximity (C.R.A.P.). As the experimental design of comparative organic and conventional cropping systems often is biased in some aspects, suitable denominators for comparative assessment are discussed (ratios per area, per product and per land demand for the same amount of product). Some pathogens that cause diseases survive in the soil from year to year in one form or the other, usually as sclerotia, spores, or hyphae. The same graphic design principles apply to computer screens, documents, and presentation graphics. Inconsistent results between different comparative studies were found to be pseudo-contradictions. 'Forest Farming' is a form of multistory. Tree-to-tree distance is wide enough to let sufficient light through to understory crops or forage. Description: Plantings consisting of an overstory of trees or shrubs with an understory of specialty or agronomic crops or forage. The process usually consists of the removal of some of the peripheral areas of an image to remove extraneous trash from the picture, to improve its framing, to change the aspect ratio, or to accentuate or isolate the subject matter from its background. Figure 9: Multistory Cropping Examples of multistory cropping systems. In semiarid regions of India alley cropping provides fodder during dry period. Alley cropping: Food crops are grown in alleys formed by hedgerow intercropping. Residual fertilizer of previous crops benefits for succeeding crop. Publications from four topics, crop yields, carbon sequestration, biological diversity and nitrogen leaching were selected as examples to point out pitfalls and shortcomings in comparative analysis that can weaken or even disqualify evaluations. Cropping is the removal of unwanted outer areas from a photographic or illustrated image. Crop residues are added in the soil and thus increases organic matter. Email ThisBlogThisShare to TwitterShare to FacebookShare to Pinterest. Examples of the use of cropping in visual communication: Lifebuoy Soap, U.K. For example the use of a camera viewfinder. In this review, comparisons between organic and conventional cropping systems are discussed. The re-positioning of borders to change the emphasis or feel of the composition.

Cropping principal definition